The Content of the Right in the Civil Law
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.60131/jlaw.2.2023.7693Keywords:
Right, Signs of right, Civil Rights, Theories, Criticism.Abstract
Determining the content of the civil right and its main features is one of the most important issues of civil law. The aim of the research is firstly to critically analyze the theories about a right, and then determine the content of the civil right and its features. We will try to throw light on the methodological foundations of civil rights and the relationship between its legal and factual origins.
Clarifying the issue is important to define the legal nature of civil rights and make out what a subject can protect, where the actual opportunity of a person ends, and from which moment it acquires a legal form. Accordingly, the topic is engrossing from the perspective of legal protection of interests of a subject which provides it with more practical significance.
The research has revealed that theories of rights are flawed and cannot explain the legal nature of rights individually. Therefore, a right should not be reduced to only one component recognized by either one or the other theory. It is appropriate to consider a right in close relation to a duty and distinguish it from the actual possibility. A civil right is studied as an opportunity provided by civil law to perform an action that can be based on both law and contract. This is especially noteworthy within the framework of the principle of ‘’Everything that is not prohibited is permitted’’. Accordingly, the scope of the concept of civil rights should be much wider than the content of public rights.
References
Civil Code of Georgia, 26/06/1997 (in Georgian).
Alekseev S.C., General Theory of Law, V. 2 vols., Moscow, 1982, 114-116 (in Russian).
Amiranashvili G., Concept and structure of civil rights, Journal "Justice and Law", №4, 2015, 140 (in Georgian).
Annales de la Faculté de Droit d’Istanbul, XL, N57, Yıl 2008, 296-298.
Artunç Ç. E., Vertragsfreiheit als Erscheinungsform der Privatautonomie im deutschen Zivilrecht,
Belov V. A., Civil Law, T. I, General Part, Introduction to Civil Law, 3rd ed., Moscow, 2014, 23-27 (in Russian).
Bichia M., Legal Obligational Relations, 3rd ed., Tbilisi, 2020, 19 (in Georgian).
Bichia M., Methodological Issues of Civil Legal Relations, TSU “Journal of Law”, № 1-2, 2010, 96-97 (in Georgian).
Bichia M., The Concept and Content of Civil Legal Relations, Doctoral Seminar Paper, Tbilisi, 2009, 21-22, (in Georgian).
Bork R., Allgemeiner Teil des Bürgerlichen Gesetzbuchs, 2. Auflage, Tübingen, 2006, 116.
Bratus S.N., Subjects of Civil Law, M., 1950, 11, 13 (in Russian).
Brox H., Allgemeiner Teil des Bürgelichen Gesetzbuchs, Sechste Auflage, München, 1982, 242-243.
Brox H., Walker, W.-D., Allgemeiner Teil des BGB, 30. Auflage, München, 2006, 318-319.
Bydlinski P. (Hrsg.), Bürgerliches Recht, Springers Kurzlehrbücher der Rechtswissenschaft, Buergerliches Recht, Band I, Allgemeiner Teil, dritte Auflage, WienNewYork, 2005, 13, 62.
Bydlinski P., Grundzüge des Privatrechts für Ausbildung und Praxis, 7. Auflage, Wien, 2007, 14.
Chanturia L., General part of civil law, Tbilisi, 2011, 98 (in Georgian).
Comte A., System of positive politics, ed. 1, 1890, 361 (in French) cited from the work: Diuges, L., General Transformations of Civil Law since the Napoleonic Code, translated by Sivers M. M., M., 1919, 15 (in Russian).
Diuges L., General Transformations of Civil Law since the Napoleonic Code, translated by Sivers M. M., M., 1919, 15-17 (in Russian).
Duguit L., The State, objective law and positive law, Paris, 1901, 147, (in French) cited from the work: Rozhdestvensky A., The Theory of Subjective Public Rights: A Critical-Systematic Study, Part I. Main Questions of the Theory of Subjective Public Rights, M., 1913, 16 (in Russian).
Fikentscher W., Heinemann A., Schuldrecht, 10. Auflage, Berlin, 2006, 19.
Gamkrelidze O., Irodion Surguladze and his book "Government and Law", Tbilisi, 2002, 20-21, 25-26 (in Georgian).
Gokieli F., Right, Journal "Samartali", No. 8-9, 1992, 65, 69, 71 (in Georgian).
Huemer D., Lenz W., Kerschner F., Lux D., Schlager J., Szep C., Wittmann E., Schlager S., Trausner M., Handbuch Vertragsgestaltung: Zivilrecht, Geselschaft, Steuerrecht, Für Praxis und Studium, herausgegeben von Kerschner F., 2013, 29.
Ioffe O. S., Legal relations under Soviet Civil Law, L., 1949, 49, 53 (in Russian).
Ioffe O. S., Shargorodsky M. D., Questions of the Theory of Law, M., 1961, 227, 229 (in Russian).
Ioffe O. S., Soviet Civil Law, General Part. Property Right. General Doctrine of Obligations, L., 1958, 70-71 (in Russian).
Jorbenadze S., Freedom of Contract in Civil Law, Tbilisi, 2017, 85 (in Georgian).
Jhering R. von, Geist deutschen romischen Rechts, III 1, 1. Aufl., 1865, §§ 60, 61.
Jhering, R. von, Geist des römischen Rechts auf den verschiedenen Stufen seiner Entwicklung, 3. Auflage, Leipzig, 3, Teil, 1, Abt., 1877, § 60, 327.
Kapanadze O., Historical Review of Civil Rights Theories, Journal "Young lawyers", № 5, 2016, 76 (in Georgian).
Kereselidze D., The most general systematic concepts of private law, Tbilisi, 2009, 76-80 (in Georgian).
Khetsuriani J., Functions of civil law, Tbilisi. 1995, 102 (in Georgian).
Krasheninnikov E., Interest Protected by Law and Means of Its Protection in Materials of the Scientific Conference - Issues in the Theory of Protective Legal Relations, Yaroslavl, 1991, 12 (in Russian).
Magaziner Ya.M., Selected Works on the General Theory of Law, St. Petersburg, 2006, 153, 155-156 (in Russian).
Mautner T., How Rights Became “Subjective”, In: Ration Juris, Vol. 26, No1, 2013, 112.
Menke C., Subjektive Rechte: Zur Paradoxie der Form, Zeitschrift für Rechtssoziologie, 29, Heft 1, 2008, 90.
Morandier L. J., Civil Law of France, translated by Fleishitz E. A., T. 1, M., 1958, 39-40 (in Russian).
Ninidze T., Live Icon of Dignity, Journal “Georgian SSR. Herald of the Academy”, Series of Economics and Law, No. 3, 1987, 64 (in Georgian).
Reiser L., Der Stand der Lehre vom subjektiven Recht in Deutschen Zivilrecht, Juristen Zeitung, 16. Jahrg. Nr. 15/16, 1961, 465.
Rozhdestvensky A., Fundamentals of the General Theory of Law: Course of lectures, M., 1912, 121 (in Russian).
Rozhdestvensky A., The Theory of Subjective Public Rights: A Critical-Systematic Study, Part I. Main Questions of the Theory of Subjective Public Rights, M., 1913, 16-17, 20, 22-24 (in Russian).
Ruling No. As-1300-1320-2011 of the Civil Affairs Chamber of the Supreme Court of Georgia dated March, 27.2012 (in Georgian).
Savigny F. C. von, System des heutigen römischen Rechts, Bn. 1, 1840, § 4, 7.
Schorder R., (unter Mitarbeit von Bar fred G. anspeter Hafermark, Dostal C., Bedau M., Moller Ulr., Revermann M.), Einfuhrung in die Rechtsgeschichte, Quellensammlung zur vorlesung mit erlauterungen,14 (neu barbeitete) Aufl., 2005, 146.
Sharon Byrd B., Hruschka J., Kant’s Doctrine of Right: A Commentary, Cambridge, 2010, 28.
Surguladze I., Government and Law, translated by Gamkrelidze O., Tbilisi, 2002, 94, 96, 100-102, 110, 134-139.
UEx R., Philosophy of Law: A Very Short Introduction, Tbilisi, 2012, 153-154 (in Georgian).
Vacheishvili Al., General theory of law, Tbilisi, 2010, 181, 183 (in Georgian).
Windscheid B., Lehrbuch des pandektenrechts, 7 Aufl., I Band Frankfurt a.M., 1891, §37, S. 87 f.
Windscheid B., Pandektenrecht, 3 Aufl., 1873, §37.
Windscheid-Kipp B., Pandektenrecht, 9. Aufl., 1906, § 37.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
