Defining the Legal Nature of Shared Rights
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.60131/jlaw.2.2022.7018Keywords:
Common property, Shared right, relative, obligational right, internal relationship of shareholders, mixed relationship.Abstract
The current article is dedicated to defining the legal nature of shared rights, which has twofold importance, scientific accuracy, and practicality.
The roots of shared rights are in common property, which is part of property law. Therefore, logically, shared rights contain some elements of property law. In particular, the relationship of owners of shared rights with third parties is an external and property law-connected. This relationship has an absolute character. In addition, the internal fiduciary relationship between parties, which is related to the origins of the obligation law of shared rights, is also noteworthy.
The existence of shared rights in the obligation law is caused by the internal, relational, and personal nature of the existing relationship, by the non-injury of the interests of the other parties in the use of the shared rights by one party. The legal content of the rights and obligations of the parties is expressed in the powers of using, managing, and disposing of the shared object, taking into account the interests of other parties, also in the power of canceling the shared right, etc.
Shared rights have a merged legal nature: the internal relations of the shareholders are relative, and the relationships of the owners of shared rights with third parties are absolute. Accordingly, the specifics of this relationship depend on whether it concerns the internal rights and obligations of the shareholders or the interests of the co-sharers with third parties. The above-mentioned determines which field of civil law norms will be applicable concerning the mentioned relationship - property or obligation law
References
Civil Code of Georgia, 26/06/1997 (in Georgian).
Akhvlediani Z., Obligatory Law, second edition, Tbilisi, 1999, 251-252 (in Georgian).
Bichia M., Legal Obligational Relations, Tbilisi, 2016, 44 (in Georgian).
Bichia M., Legal Obligational Relations, 2nd ed., Tbilisi, 2018, 58 (in Georgian).
Bichia M., Characteristics of the regime of spouses’ material relationship according to the Practice of Georgian courts, Journal "Justice and Law", No. 1, 2019, 89-90 (in Georgian).
Willems H., Comparative Analysis of Georgian and Dutch Obligatory Law, in the book "Obligatory Law", ed. Khvralashvili Kh., Tbilisi, 2006, 97 (in Georgian).
Zoidze B., Georgian Property Law, second edition, volume, 2003, 102, 103-104. (in Georgian).
Todua M., Some peculiarities of the application of the norms regulating the obligatory relations according to the Civil Code of Georgia, in the book: "Obligatory Law", ed. Khvralashvili Kh., Tbilisi, 2006, 7-8 (in Georgian).
Kobakhidze A., Civil law, I, General Part, chapter, 2001, 102-103 (in Georgian).
Kropholler I., The German Civil Code - Educational Commentary, edited by F. Jacob and M. Von Hinden, 13th edition, translators: Darjania T., Chechelashvili Z., Tbilisi, 2014, 301-302 (in Georgian).
Surguladze I., Government and Law, translator: Gamkrelidze O., Tbilisi, 2002, 110 (in Georgian).
Shotadze T., Comparative Analysis of the Norms Governing Common Ownership and Shared Rights according to the Civil Code of Georgia, Law Journal, No. 2, 2009, 19-20 (in Georgian).
Chanturia L., General part of civil law, Tbilisi, 2011, 108-110 (in Georgian).
Ruling No. As-600-2019 of the Civil Affairs Chamber of the Supreme Court of Georgia dated November 14, 2019 (in Georgian).
Decision No. AS-1977-2018 of March 22, 2019 of the Civil Affairs Chamber of the Supreme Court of Georgia (in Georgian).
Decision No. As-41-41-2016 of the Civil Affairs Chamber of the Supreme Court of Georgia of July 4, 2016 (in Georgian).
Decision No. As-336-321-2015 of the Civil Affairs Chamber of the Supreme Court of Georgia of June 24, 2016 (in Georgian).
Decision No. As-496-472-2013 of the Civil Affairs Chamber of the Supreme Court of Georgia dated January 9, 2014 (in Georgian).
Decision No. As-1169-1098-2012 of the Civil Affairs Chamber of the Supreme Court of Georgia of November 8, 2012 (in Georgian).
Decision No. As-881-924-2011 of the Civil Affairs Chamber of the Supreme Court of Georgia dated November 15, 2011 (in Georgian).
Decision No. As-649-610-2011 of the Civil Affairs Chamber of the Supreme Court of Georgia dated October 4, 2011 (in Georgian).
Decision No. As-646-607-2011 of the Civil Affairs Chamber of the Supreme Court of Georgia of June 30, 2011 (in Georgian).
Decision No. AS-547-517-2011 of June 16, 2011 of the Civil Affairs Chamber of the Supreme Court of Georgia (in Georgian).
Decision No. As-332-309-2010 of the Civil Affairs Chamber of the Supreme Court of Georgia dated October 28, 2010 (in Georgian).
BGB, Ausfertigungsdatum: 18.08.1896, zuletzt geändert durch Art. 2 G v. 21.12.2021 I 5252.
Bichia M., Several Aspects of Establishing the Ontological Nature of Shared rights (Analysis of Theory and Practice), In: Proceedings of the XVIII International Scientific and Practical Conference “Social and Economic Aspects of Education in Modern Society”, Warsaw, October 28, 2019, 54-57.
Baur F., Stürner R., Sachenrecht, 18. Auflage, München, 2009, § 3 Rn. 25 ff.
Engländer K., Die regelmäßige Rechtsgemeinschaft, Teil 1., Grundlegung II Anhang, 1914, 209.
Eberl-Borges Chr., Die Erbauseinandersetzung, Tübingen, 2000, 435-436, 455.
Fikentscher W., Heinemann A., Schuldrecht, 10. Auflage, Berlin, 2006, 365, 372.
Kirkpatrick Me J., Stuhler E., Francois H., Cosciani C., Fantozzi A., Gloden Me Joseph, Van der Heyde M., Steuervorschriften für die überbetriebliche Zusammenarbeit oder Fusion landwirtschaftlicher Betriebe, II. BR Deutschland, 84, Februar, 1972, 6.
Klein-Blenkers Fr., Rechtsformen der Unternehmen, Kȍln, 2009, 184.
Klunzinger E., Grundzüge des Gesellschaftsrechts, 16. überarbeitete und erweiterte Auflage, München, 2012, 17.
Kübler F., Assmann H.-D., Gesellschaftsrecht, Die privatrechtlichen, Ordnungsstrukuren und Regelungsprobleme von Verbänden und Unternehmen, 6.Auflage, Lehr- und Handbuch, Heidelberg, München, Landsberg, Berlin, 2006, 1, 29.
Larenz К., Lehrbuch des Schuldrechts II, 13. Aufl. München, 1994, 375.
Schmidt K., Das Gemeinschaftskonto: Rechtsgemeinschaft am Rechtsverhältnis - Eine rechtsdogmatische Skizze zu den §§ 421, 427, 428, 432, 705 und 741 BGB, In: “Festschrift für Walther Hadding zum 70. Geburtstag”, herausgegeben von Häuser F., Hammen H., Heinrichs J., Steinbeck A., Siebel U. R., Welter R., Berlin, 2004, 1097.
Schmidt K. in: Müko-BGB, 7. Auflage, 2017, § 741, Rn. 8.
Schmidt K. in: Müko-BGB, 6. Auflage, München, 2013, § 742, Rn. 1, 3, 4.
Schnorr R., Die Gemeinschaft nach Bruchteilen (§§ 741-758 BGB), Tübingen, 2004, 8, 175, 177-178, 185-187, 224-225, 228-229, 232.
Staudinger von J., Proff v., BGB, 2015, § 741, Rn. 6.
Staudinger von J., Kommentar zum Bürgerlichen Gesetzbuch: mit Einführungsgesetz und Nebengesetzen, München, 2007, 350, § 741 ff. Rz. 24.
Staudingers von J., Kommentar zum BGB mit Einführungsgesetz und Nebengesetzen, Neubearbeitung von Engel N., Langhein G-H., Mayer J., Berlin, 2008, § 743, Rn. 34.
Staudinger von. J., Langhein G.-H., Kommentar zum BGB, Berlin, 2008, § 741, Rn. 59, 256, § 742, Rn. 1.
BGH GRUR 1979, 540 (LS 2, 541) – Biedermeiermanschetten.
Alexandrov N. G., Legality and legal relations in Soviet society, M., 1955, 108-109 (in Russian).
Bratus S. N., Ioffe O. S., Civil Law, M., 1967, 41 (in Russian).
Civil law, In 4 volumes, Vol. II, Property law, Inheritance law, Exclusive rights, Personal non-property rights, Textbook, Ed. Sukhanova E. A., 3rd edition, M., 2006, 117, 119-120 (in Russian).
Filatova U.B., Institute of Common Property Law in the Countries of the Romano-Germanic Legal Family (Germany, Austria, Switzerland, France and Russia: Comparative Legal Research), M., 2015, 142-143, 211, 329-330, 334, 385, 387-388 (in Russian).
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
