The Georgian Model of Compensation of Non-property Damage for Violating Personal Rights in Line with European Standards
Keywords:
Personal Non-property Rights, Personality Rights, Individuality, Personality, Dignity and Honor, Name, Image, Personal Data, European Standard, Non-material Damage, Theleological Reduction, Criteria of Compensation, Function of Compensation, Satisfaction and Prevention.Abstract
Personal origin is reflected in civil law in personal rights, which are closely linked
to personality and the inner self of a human. Accordingly, private legal protection of
personal rights is a guarantee of Individuality. Though guaranties of defense of
personality have been reflected in Georgian civil law accounting for the European
experience, but with some specificities. The purpose of the research is to understand
the European standard in order to clarify the relation between Georgian and
European approaches.
IT should be mentioned right from beginning that besides term of “personal
right”, The Civil Code of Georgia (hereinafter - CCG) envisages a term of “personal
non-property rights”. But it is appropriate to also use a term of "personality rights"
recognized in Europe for a comprehensive protection individuals.
Objects of some personal rights can be separated from the person (name, image,
personal data and etc.), while some of them cannot (honor, dignity...). There are
protected by Article 18, 18 1 , 992 of CCG. Also, the personal non-property rights were
nominated in general part of CCG, meanwhile Article 992-993 of CCG strengthened
the extended protection of personality rights in tort law, accounting for the European
experience, which created a solid mechanism for protection of Personality. In addition,
the Georgian legislation moved much closer to the European standards on one hand
with the adoption of “Personal Data Protection Act” and implementation of
international demans and on the other hand by spreading private law protection by
CCG Article 18 1 on additional personal data.
Compensation of non-material damage, which in itself is quite a difficult problem
because it is linked to many aspects, plays an important role for civil legal protection
of personal non-property rights. Research showed that a common characteristic rule of
Continental Europe is actually laid out in Article 413, paragraph 1, in which it is
stated that the non-property damages shall be compensated only in cases prescribed by
the law. Accordingly, the amount of cases of compensation for non-material damages
is limited and only substantial non-property damage is compensated. It is important to
generalize the problems by using a deep theoretical knowledge and in full compliance
with the law. Considering these details would help create a higher standard of
protection for Personality.
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