The Right of all People to Self-determination at the Beginning of the 20th Century, Following the Example of the Committee for the Liberation of Georgia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.60131/jlaw.2.2022.7016Keywords:
the right of nation to self-determination, people, Georgian National Committee, Wilson's Fourteen Points, self-government, people’s sovereignty, political sovereignty, rights of oppressed nations, restoration of independence, state, government formationAbstract
This paper presents the essence of the right of all people to self-determination, the stages of its development, historical-legal analysis, its evolution - from individualist to collectivist doctrine, nature of the right to internal and external self-determination is explained. Furthermore, the letter illustrates the vision of the President of the United States of America, Woodrow Wilson, regarding the right of all people to self-determination based on "Wilson's Fourteen Points" and his legal analysis. The theoretical and practical aspects of the struggle for independence of the Georgian people based on the right of nation to self-determination are discussed directly in the work of the members of the Georgian National Committee.
References
Bakradze L., German-Georgian relations during the First World War - activities of the Georgian National Committee, 1814-1918, Pegasi, Tb., 2010, 31, 117, 118, 119, 128 (in Georgian).
Boersner D., The Bolsheviks and the National and Colonial Question, Geneva: Droz, 1957, 62, 63.
Cobban A., ‘National Self-Determination’, published by the University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1944, 6, 22.
Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples, 14 December 1960, General Assembly resolution 1514, (XV), http://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/Independence.aspx, [21.08.2022];
Diesing P., National Self-Determination and U.S. Foreign Policy, published by the University of Chicago Press, Ethics – An International Journal of Social, Political, and Legal Philosophy, Vol. 77, No. 2, Jan., 1967, 86, 87, 88;
Georgian newspaper, N6, June 15, 1916.
Georgian newspaper, N12, September 16, 1916.
Helsinki Final Act, 14 ILM, 1975, https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/5/c/39501.pdf [22.08.2022.];
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 16 December 1966, General Assembly resolution 2200A (XXI), https://www.ohchr.org/en/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/international-covenant-civil-and-political-rights [21.08.2022];
Janelidze O., Essays from the history of the National Democratic Party of Georgia, vol., Science, 2002, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 255, 256 (in Georgian).
Lenin V., The Right of Nations to Self-determination, New York: International Publishers, 1951, 24.
Mamulia G., Astamadze G., Committee for the Liberation of Georgia 1914-1918 - documents and materials, National Library Publishing House, Tb., 2019, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90 (in Georgian).
Masaryk T., ‘The Making of a State’, New York: Stokes, 1927, 96, 287, 429, 430, 431, 432, 433, 500.
Nawaz M.K., ‘The Meaning and Range of the Principle of Self-Determination’, Duke Law Journal, Vol. 1965, No. 1, Winter, 1965, 83, 84, 100.
Protocols from the first Conference of Georgian Revolutionaries, Paris, 1905, 179 (in Georgian).
President Woodrow Wilson’s 14 Points, January 8, 1918, https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/president-woodrow-wilsons-14-points [21.08.2022].
Politisches Archiv des Auswärtigen Amts (PA AA), Akten Betrefend den Krieg 1914, 'Unternehmungen und Aufwiegelungen gegen unsere Feinde im Kaukasus'. R 21008. 24.09,1914 (B1.65-70) / PAAA, R 21008, 27.09.1912.; https://politisches-archiv.diplo.de/invenio/main.xhtml [21.08.2022].
Quane H., ‘The United Nations and the Evolving Right to Self-determination’, Published by Cambridge University Press, The International and Comparative Law Quarterly, Vol. 47, No. 3, Jul., 1998, 537, 539, 540.
Randle R., ‘From National Self-Determination to National Self-Development’, published by ‘University of Pennsylvania Press, Journal of the History of Ideas, Vol. 31, No 1, Jan.-Mar., 1970, 49, 51, 52, 62, 63.
Senese S., ‘External and Internal Self-Determination’, Social Justice ,Vol. 16, No. 1 (35), Human Rights & Peoples’ Rights: Views From North & South, Vol. 16, No. 1 (35), Spring 1989, 19, 21, 22, https://www.jstor.org/stable/29766439 [21.08.2022].
Summers J. J., ‘The Right of Self-Determination and Nationalism in International Law’, Published by Brill, International Journal on Minority and Group Rights, Vol. 12, No. 4, 2005, 325, 328.
Tsereteli M., The Rights of the Georgian Nation, Georgian newspaper, 1916, N16, 17, 18.
The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, 16 Dec 1966, General Assembly resolution 2200A (XXI), https://www.ohchr.org/en/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/international-covenant-economic-social-and-cultural-rights [21.08.2022];
Throntveit T., The Fable of the Fourteen Points: Woodrow Wilson and National Self-Determination’, published by Oxford University Press, Diplomatic History, Vol. 35, No 3, June, 2011, 445, 455, 463, 469.
United Nations Charter, 1945, https://www.un.org/en/about-us/un-charter [21.08.2022].
Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action, 25 June 1993, the World Conference on Human Rights in Vienna, https://www.ohchr.org/en/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/vienna-declaration-and-programme-action [21.08.2022].
Von der dritten Nationalitätenkonferenz, Korrespondenzblatt der N.O., Nr. 13, 13 Juli, 1916.
Wambaugh S., ‘Plebiscities since the World War’, Washington, D.C.: Cernegie Endowment, 1933, 23.
Weitz E. D., ‘Self-Determination: How a German Enlightenment Idea Became the Slogan of National Liberation and a Human Right’, Published by Oxford University Press, The American Historical Review, Vol. 120, No.2, April, 2015, 462, 463, 469, 470, 471, 472, 474, 477, 478, 485, 487.
Whelan A., Wilsonian Self-determination and the Versailles Settlement, The International and Comparative Law Quarterly, Published by Cambridge University Press, Vol. 43, No.1, Jan., 100, 101, 107.
Woodrow W., Constitutional Government in the United States, New York, The Columbia University Press, 1908, 52, 53.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
