Nature of Sin in Crime and Criminality (Normative Analysis)
Keywords:
Sin, Crime, Criminality, Norm, State and Law.Abstract
Present article explores nature of sin in crime and criminality from the normative perspective.
Normative aspect is common feature for sin, crime and criminality. After, the issue whether the Orthodox Christianity deems sin a violation of positive law becomes necessary to explore. Respectively, the concept of state and law becomes the subject of our investigation. Analysis of the Old Testament reveals that state and law has divine ontology, which means that violation of the positive legal norm is sin. Though, one circumstance remained self-contradictory, whether the violation of legal norm adopted by the state that acknowledges and serves to the false gods should be regarded as sin. Analysis of the Gospel showed the transcendental nature of the state and law more clearly, and the obedience and disobedience towards unjust norm was explored.
Finally, conclusion is made that, except of unjust norm, violation of legal (positive) norm, adopted by the state, is sin.
Deriving from the study of Orthodox Christianity, Christian should fight against unjust norm according to the teachings of the Gospel and should obey the external trials sent by God, and therefore, Christian should obey law of such state.
References
Adeishvili G., God: Mind of Universe, Tbilisi, 2008, 15-19 (in Georgian).
Berdzenishvili L., Way of Christ, Liturgy and Catechism, Book 4, Tbilisi, 2011, 224 (in Georgian).
Berman H. J., The Interaction of Law and Religion, New York, 1974, 52.
Browning W. R. F. (comp.), Oxford Dictionary of the Bible, Oxford University Press, 2003, 1156.
Burkadze V., Crime and Punishment according to Chriatian Teaching, see: Sanugesho, Tevdorashvili G. (ed.), Tbilisi, 2016, 68, 69 (in Georgian).
Burkadze V., Prospect of Monarch Ruling in Apostasic World, citied from “Orthodoxy and Moder-nity”, Kutateladze Dz. (comp.), Burkadze V. (ed.), Vol. III, Tbilisi, 2012, 86, 87, 89 (in Georgian).
Chelidze E. (ed.), Saint John of Damascus, An Exact Exposition of the Orthodox Faith, Tbilisi, 2012, 104.
Christian S., Types and Shadows: Prophetic Pictures to Wholeness in Christ, USA, 2006.
Cochran R. F. Jr., Drunen D. V. (eds.), Law and the Bible, InterVarsity Press, Dorner Groove, Illinois, USA, 2013, 82.
Galdava M. (Priest), Second Psalm, Psalm of David, see: www.orthodoxy.ge/tserili/fsalm/-fsalm2.htm.
Gabuldani N., Some General Trends of Christian Terms in Georgian and Other Kartvelian Languages, Tbilisi, 2002, 30.
Gladkov B. E. (comp.), Explanation of Gospel, Keburia R., Keburia I., Janiashvili K. (trans.), Book II, Tbilisi, 2016, 23 (in Georgian).
Gogebashvili I., History of Religion, Tbilisi, 2016, 19-20 (in Georgian).
Gogochashvili T. (ed.), Saint John the Golden Mouth, Homilies, Vol. II, Tbilisi, 2015, 300, 303, 309, 310 (in Georgian).
Gogochashvili T. (ed.), Saint John the Golden Mouth, Homilies, Vol. V, Tbilisi, 2016, 193 (in Georgian).
Gogochashvili T. (ed.), Spiritual Meadow, Tarashvili N., Rakviashvili K., Asatiani T. (comp.) Tbilisi, 2014, 660 (in Georgian).
Gove P. B. (ed.), Webster’s Third New International Dictionary of the English Language Unabridged, USA, 1981, 1540.
Gvasalia G., Explanation of Genesis, Vol. I, Tbilisi, 2014, 582 (in Georgian).
Dunson B. C. (Dr.), The Kingdom of God in the Old Testament: From Abraham to Israel, 2015, see: https.ligonier.org/blog/kingdom-god-old-testament-abraham-israel/.
Dunson B. C. (Dr.), The Kingdom of God in the Old Testament: Kingship and Creation, 2015, see: www.ligonier.org/blog/kingdom-god-old-testament-kingship-and-creation.
Dunson B. C. (Dr.), The Kingdom of God in the Old Testament: The Prophetic Hope, 2015, see: https:ligonier.org/blog/kingdom-god-old-testament-prophetic-hope/.
Durkheim E., The Rules of Sociological Method, Halls W. D. (trans.), UK, LDN, 1982, 102.
Dyzenhaus D., The Grudge Informer Revisited, 83 N.Y.U. L. REV. 1000, 2008, 1003-04.
Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, inc, July 20, 1998, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hebraic-law.
Freedman D. N. (ed.), The Anchor Bible Dictionary, published by Doubleday, New York, USA, 1992, 5197.
James Orr, M. A., D. D. (ed.), The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, Vol. 1, USA, 1915, 126.
Jensen I. L., Jensen’s Survey of New Testament, USA, 1981, 56-59.
Jincharadze K. (Archpriest), True Freedom, Tbilisi, 2014, 103, 115 (in Georgian).
Jinoria M., Your Life is My Life, Tbilisi, 2013, 73 (in Georgian).
Jones M. K., Toward a Christology of Christ the High Priest, Italy, 2006.
Horton F. L., The Melchizedek Tradition: A Critical Examination of the Sources to the fifth Century A. D. and in the Epistleto the Hebrews, UK, 1976.
Kedia B., Nullum Crimen Sine Lege in International Criminal Law: Myth or Fact?, see: International Journal of International Law, Vol. 1, Issue 2, 2015, 1-2, www.law.cornell.edu/wex/-nullum_crimen_sine_lege.
Kelsen H., Pure Theory of Law, Knight M. (trans.), 2nd ed., UK, LND, 1978, 4.
Kelsen H., General Theory of Law and State, Wedberg A. (trans.), 3rd printing, USA, 2009, 123.
Kelsen H., General Theory of Norms, Hartney M. (trans.), Oxford, 1991, 330.
Khubua G., The Theory of Law, Tbilisi, 2015, 65, 66, 83 (in Georgian).
Khubua G., Christian Morality and Formation of Personality, Tbilisi, 1997, 89 (in Georgian).
Kramer S. N., The Sumerians: Their History Culture and Character, USA, 1963, 336-340.
Kramer S. N., History Begins at Sumer, USA, 1956, 51,52, 53.
Kshutashvili A., Church and Monarchy: Theological Analysis, published in Journal “Philosophical-Theological Reviewer”, Iv. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Publishing, Tbilisi, 2011, № 1, 125 (in Georgian).
Kubaneishvili N. (Archpriest), History of Old Testament, Tbilisi, 1990, 11, 15-16, 40 (in Georgian).
Lopukhin A. P., Comments of Bible, Arch. Dzindzibadze Z. (ed.), Metreveli T. (trans.) Vol. I, Tbilisi, 2000, 140, 141, 173, 174,175, 176,177 (in Georgian).
Lopukhin A., P., Comments of Bible, Arch. Dzindzibadze Z. (ed.), Metreveli T. (trans.), Vol. III, Tbilisi, 2000, 55, 103 (in Georgian).
Lopukhin A. P., Comments of Bible, Arch. Dzindzibadze Z. (ed.), Metreveli T. (trans.), Vol. IV, Tbilisi, 2000, 159-160 (in Georgian).
Manual for Learning Old and New Testament, Lopukhin A. P. (comp.), Kutaisi, 1909, 50-51 (in Georgian).
Machitadze Z. (Archbishop), Saints’ Life, Book I, Tbilisi, 2003, 10-11 (in Georgian).
Metreveli V. (ed.), Law Tbilisi, 2003, 25 (in Georgian).
Nattan S. V., Kings of The Bible: What They Teach Us, Chapter - Other Heathen Kings, Blessed Quitness Journal, see: www.blessedquietness.com/journal/housechu/kings.htm.
Nazarashvili T., Trial, Public Religious Internet Journal “Amboni”, 2012, www.ambioni.ge/gansacdeli, (in Georgian).
Paisios of Mount Athos (Monk), Spiritual Counsels, Desk Book of Orthodox Believer, Tbilisi, 2004, 11 (in Georgian).
Pomazansky M. (Protopresbyter), Dogmatic Theology, 3rd Revised and Completed ed., Tbilisi, 2012, 143, 144 (in Georgian).
Radbruch G., Five Minutes of Legal Philosophy, Litschewski Paulson B., Paulson L. S. (trans.), Oxford Journal of Legal Studies, Vol. 26, No. 1, 2006, 14.
Schabas W., Unimaginable Atrocities, Justice, Politics, and Rights at the War Crimes Tribunals, London, 2012, 27.
Siant Ephrem the Syrian Explanation of Genesis, Tbilisi, 2014, 28 (in Georgian).
Sidorov A. (ed.), Saint Justin (Popovich), Collection of Works, Fonov S. (trans.), Vol. 1, Moscow, 2004, 68, 69 (in Russian).
Shovnadze D., Chachibaia N. (comp.), The Teaching Basis of the Orthodox Christian Church, Tbilisi, 2013, 40 (in Georgian).
Soetemen A. (ed.), Pluralism and Law: State, Nation, Community, Civil society, Vol. 2, Proceedings of the 20th World Congress, Amsterdam 2001, 10.
Tsintsadze M, „The Ladder“ of St. John Climacus, Translation and Language of Euthymius the Athonite, Batumi, 1965, 58 (in Georgian).
Shengelia R. (ed.), Tsulaia Z. (rev.) Basis of Georgian Law, Tbilisi, 2000, 23 (in Georgian).
Theophylact Bulgarian (Holy), Explanation of Mathew’s Gospel, Tbilisi, 2012, 295 (in Georgian).
Theophilact Bulgarian (Holy), Expolanation of Gospel of John, Tbilisi, 2012, 357, 394-395 (in Georgian).
Tsypin V. (Archpriest), Church Law, see: Theological Scientific Almanac “Peristsvaleba”, printing house “Anthimos Iverieli”, № 1, Tbilisi, 2010, 123, 124-131 (in Georgian).
Zubov V. P., The Aristotle, Moscow, 1963, 77 (in Russian).
www.idahobaptist.com/biblical-kings-and-queens-i-timothy-117/.
www.americainclass.org/sources/makingrevolution/rebellion/text8/decindep.pdf.
www.biblegateway.com/resources/encyclopedia-of-the-bible/Sumer.
www.bible-history.com/old-testament/nations.html.
www.biblehub.com/topical/u/ur.htm.
www.gotquestions.org/laws-land.html.
www.gotquestions.org/Sumerians.html.
www.martlmadidebloba.ge/ganmarteba20.html.
www.martlmadidebloba.ge/ganmarteba4_sjuli-da-mcnebebi.html.
www.neverthirsty.org/bible-qa/qa-archives/question/how-many-kingdoms-are-there-in-the-bible.
www.orthodoxy.ge/tserili/zosime/28_16-20.htm.
www.patheos.com/blogs/christiancrier/2015/10/10/a-list-of-kings-from-the-bible/.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 TSU Publishing House
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
